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I understand what a diode does but can you explain how the Zener diode works in this circumstances. I would like to protect my 12v QMX however I can. This sounds like a great dea but I guess I don’t quite understand the theory behind it. Why would you need a breakdown voltage so high?\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EThank you,\u003Cbr \/\u003ERobert "},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/2554001380039969960\/3558767339485261588\/comments\/default\/6173164766469919607"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/2554001380039969960\/3558767339485261588\/comments\/default\/6173164766469919607"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/la3za.blogspot.com\/2023\/04\/3-tips-for-not-blowing-finals-of-qdx.html?showComment=1726430034047#c6173164766469919607","title":""}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Anonymous"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/blank.gif"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/la3za.blogspot.com\/2023\/04\/3-tips-for-not-blowing-finals-of-qdx.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2554001380039969960.post-3558767339485261588","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2554001380039969960/posts/default/3558767339485261588","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-1272441610"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"15 September, 2024 21:53"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2554001380039969960.post-2471577587544489350"},"published":{"$t":"2024-08-19T11:15:33.467+02:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-08-19T11:15:33.467+02:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"The worst one is VK6AS - always on, man never slee..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"The worst one is VK6AS - always on, man never sleeps."},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/2554001380039969960\/7588335727977479828\/comments\/default\/2471577587544489350"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/2554001380039969960\/7588335727977479828\/comments\/default\/2471577587544489350"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/la3za.blogspot.com\/2019\/08\/robotic-ft8-contacts.html?showComment=1724058933467#c2471577587544489350","title":""}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Anonymous"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/blank.gif"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/la3za.blogspot.com\/2019\/08\/robotic-ft8-contacts.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2554001380039969960.post-7588335727977479828","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2554001380039969960/posts/default/7588335727977479828","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-1272441610"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"19 August, 2024 11:15"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2554001380039969960.post-6537091298820198246"},"published":{"$t":"2024-07-19T09:37:31.081+02:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-07-19T09:37:31.081+02:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"A pity you didn\u0026#39;t take this up with the author..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":" A pity you didn\u0026#39;t take this up with the authority, Ncom, it could have been useful with a test case.\u003Cbr \/\u003EThere are far TOO MANY units installed in homes and workplaces without these filtering components, which thereby negates any CE marking. And means these should\/must be removed from service\/the market."},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/2554001380039969960\/1569870269756374245\/comments\/default\/6537091298820198246"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/2554001380039969960\/1569870269756374245\/comments\/default\/6537091298820198246"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/la3za.blogspot.com\/2012\/09\/noisy-designer-lamp.html?showComment=1721374651081#c6537091298820198246","title":""}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Anonymous"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/blank.gif"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/la3za.blogspot.com\/2012\/09\/noisy-designer-lamp.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2554001380039969960.post-1569870269756374245","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2554001380039969960/posts/default/1569870269756374245","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-1272441610"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"19 July, 2024 09:37"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2554001380039969960.post-8366450637281553900"},"published":{"$t":"2024-06-11T13:25:25.115+02:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-06-11T13:25:25.115+02:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Github repository for this project is https:\/\/gith..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"Github repository for this project is https:\/\/github.com\/la3za\/UltrasoundTempComp"},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/2554001380039969960\/3596327180377868849\/comments\/default\/8366450637281553900"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/2554001380039969960\/3596327180377868849\/comments\/default\/8366450637281553900"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/la3za.blogspot.com\/2014\/05\/temperature-compensation-for-arduino.html?showComment=1718105125115#c8366450637281553900","title":""}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Sverre Holm"},"uri":{"$t":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/08306221557326542499"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"26","height":"32","src":"\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEirIUQ4__tBn8iuiGzcRlJEOroeUKkNCZ2mN2DM3rs_2pPUFGIs7a2EtYWIiOikqsFchk8w4XaHx_XyS1g_-i8Kmu46zrppNaF1Xeh-omtKQqjq9tEzjhEobips8DmSvw\/s1600\/sverreholm20.jpg"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/la3za.blogspot.com\/2014\/05\/temperature-compensation-for-arduino.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2554001380039969960.post-3596327180377868849","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2554001380039969960/posts/default/3596327180377868849","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-37390449"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"11 June, 2024 13:25"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2554001380039969960.post-6484180743603351459"},"published":{"$t":"2024-05-12T00:20:14.528+02:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-05-12T00:20:14.528+02:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Ah, I see reasoning now. I thank you for the respo..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"Ah, I see reasoning now. I thank you for the response. I am  almost finished putting my ver5 qdx together. I will order some zeners."},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/2554001380039969960\/3558767339485261588\/comments\/default\/6484180743603351459"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/2554001380039969960\/3558767339485261588\/comments\/default\/6484180743603351459"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/la3za.blogspot.com\/2023\/04\/3-tips-for-not-blowing-finals-of-qdx.html?showComment=1715466014528#c6484180743603351459","title":""},{"rel":"related","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/2554001380039969960\/3558767339485261588\/comments\/default\/7846168012300559367"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"John Dunn"},"uri":{"$t":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/14206275649650412464"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/la3za.blogspot.com\/2023\/04\/3-tips-for-not-blowing-finals-of-qdx.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2554001380039969960.post-3558767339485261588","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2554001380039969960/posts/default/3558767339485261588","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-1355214485"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"12 May, 2024 00:20"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2554001380039969960.post-2037745656510616741"},"published":{"$t":"2024-05-11T23:39:44.426+02:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-05-11T23:39:44.426+02:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"There is no point in anything but a Zener diode wi..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"There is no point in anything but a Zener diode with a Zener voltage around the value I have used - 47 V. The point is to have a Zener voltage as high as possible but below the breakdown voltage of 60 V for the BS170, so that the diode limits the voltage to a value below the breakdown voltage. An ordinary diode will have no effect."},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/2554001380039969960\/3558767339485261588\/comments\/default\/2037745656510616741"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/2554001380039969960\/3558767339485261588\/comments\/default\/2037745656510616741"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/la3za.blogspot.com\/2023\/04\/3-tips-for-not-blowing-finals-of-qdx.html?showComment=1715463584426#c2037745656510616741","title":""},{"rel":"related","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/2554001380039969960\/3558767339485261588\/comments\/default\/7846168012300559367"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Sverre Holm"},"uri":{"$t":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/08306221557326542499"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"26","height":"32","src":"\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEirIUQ4__tBn8iuiGzcRlJEOroeUKkNCZ2mN2DM3rs_2pPUFGIs7a2EtYWIiOikqsFchk8w4XaHx_XyS1g_-i8Kmu46zrppNaF1Xeh-omtKQqjq9tEzjhEobips8DmSvw\/s1600\/sverreholm20.jpg"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/la3za.blogspot.com\/2023\/04\/3-tips-for-not-blowing-finals-of-qdx.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2554001380039969960.post-3558767339485261588","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2554001380039969960/posts/default/3558767339485261588","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-37390449"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"11 May, 2024 23:39"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2554001380039969960.post-7846168012300559367"},"published":{"$t":"2024-05-10T23:18:31.221+02:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-05-10T23:18:31.221+02:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Can i use a different diode then a zener to accomp..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"Can i use a different diode then a zener to accomplish this. At the moment i have no zeners. "},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/2554001380039969960\/3558767339485261588\/comments\/default\/7846168012300559367"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/2554001380039969960\/3558767339485261588\/comments\/default\/7846168012300559367"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/la3za.blogspot.com\/2023\/04\/3-tips-for-not-blowing-finals-of-qdx.html?showComment=1715375911221#c7846168012300559367","title":""}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"John Dunn"},"uri":{"$t":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/14206275649650412464"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/la3za.blogspot.com\/2023\/04\/3-tips-for-not-blowing-finals-of-qdx.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2554001380039969960.post-3558767339485261588","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2554001380039969960/posts/default/3558767339485261588","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-1355214485"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"10 May, 2024 23:18"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2554001380039969960.post-2598879428508970387"},"published":{"$t":"2024-04-07T21:01:38.626+02:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-04-07T21:01:38.626+02:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Excellent ideas!!!! Love that you have available t..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"Excellent ideas!!!! Love that you have available the recordings 73 ke0nbh"},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/2554001380039969960\/5905527258922191829\/comments\/default\/2598879428508970387"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/2554001380039969960\/5905527258922191829\/comments\/default\/2598879428508970387"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/la3za.blogspot.com\/2010\/03\/magnetospherically-ducted-echo.html?showComment=1712516498626#c2598879428508970387","title":""}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Anonymous"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/blank.gif"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/la3za.blogspot.com\/2010\/03\/magnetospherically-ducted-echo.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2554001380039969960.post-5905527258922191829","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2554001380039969960/posts/default/5905527258922191829","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-1272441610"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"07 April, 2024 21:01"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2554001380039969960.post-4762689747440544692"},"published":{"$t":"2024-03-29T16:40:50.817+01:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-03-29T16:40:50.817+01:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"...  adapt the K2 to various user needs, or they a..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"...  adapt the K2 to various user needs, or they are simply modifications contributed by K2 owners who found building so fun that they could not stop after the K2 was completed. "},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/2554001380039969960\/6442279422585508340\/comments\/default\/4762689747440544692"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/2554001380039969960\/6442279422585508340\/comments\/default\/4762689747440544692"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/la3za.blogspot.com\/p\/la3za-unofficial-guide-to-elecraft-k2.html","title":""},{"rel":"related","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/2554001380039969960\/6442279422585508340\/comments\/default\/256442433629989687"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Sverre Holm"},"uri":{"$t":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/08306221557326542499"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"26","height":"32","src":"\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEirIUQ4__tBn8iuiGzcRlJEOroeUKkNCZ2mN2DM3rs_2pPUFGIs7a2EtYWIiOikqsFchk8w4XaHx_XyS1g_-i8Kmu46zrppNaF1Xeh-omtKQqjq9tEzjhEobips8DmSvw\/s1600\/sverreholm20.jpg"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/la3za.blogspot.com\/p\/la3za-unofficial-guide-to-elecraft-k2.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2554001380039969960.post-6442279422585508340","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2554001380039969960/posts/default/6442279422585508340","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-37390449"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"29 March, 2024 16:40"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2554001380039969960.post-3805418353521596039"},"published":{"$t":"2024-03-24T14:14:03.904+01:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-03-24T14:14:03.904+01:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Not exactly. The architecture of my code is differ..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"Not exactly. The architecture of my code is different from both design mentioned.\u003Cbr \/\u003EI use the ISR driven by the PPS.\u003Cbr \/\u003EI take advantage of the NMEA frame structure starting with the $ sign and ending wth \\rn.\u003Cbr \/\u003ESo I can evaluate the time to transfer one sentence and compare the number of byte with charsProcessed().\u003Cbr \/\u003EWhen I receive \\rn the sentence is complete and I can add one second and do other function(s), including collecting the age() and preparing the display.\u003Cbr \/\u003EI now have to wait for the PPS, so I can start my timer, and stop it when the PPS arrives and shoot the display."},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/2554001380039969960\/6839534171290475520\/comments\/default\/3805418353521596039"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/2554001380039969960\/6839534171290475520\/comments\/default\/3805418353521596039"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/la3za.blogspot.com\/2022\/11\/w8bh-clock-with-eu-option.html?showComment=1711286043904#c3805418353521596039","title":""}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Anonymous"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/blank.gif"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/la3za.blogspot.com\/2022\/11\/w8bh-clock-with-eu-option.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2554001380039969960.post-6839534171290475520","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2554001380039969960/posts/default/6839534171290475520","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-1272441610"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"24 March, 2024 14:14"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2554001380039969960.post-1600147096510140173"},"published":{"$t":"2024-03-23T16:47:06.260+01:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-03-23T16:47:06.260+01:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Interesting. I use the W8BH way in the Multi Face ..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"Interesting. I use the W8BH way in the Multi Face GPS Clock, but I found the description of the other way you mention here: https:\/\/forum.arduino.cc\/t\/horloge-tres-precise-pilotee-par-gps-avec-arduino-nano\/1215261"},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/2554001380039969960\/6839534171290475520\/comments\/default\/1600147096510140173"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/2554001380039969960\/6839534171290475520\/comments\/default\/1600147096510140173"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/la3za.blogspot.com\/2022\/11\/w8bh-clock-with-eu-option.html?showComment=1711208826260#c1600147096510140173","title":""},{"rel":"related","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/2554001380039969960\/6839534171290475520\/comments\/default\/3284270031428037326"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Sverre Holm"},"uri":{"$t":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/08306221557326542499"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"26","height":"32","src":"\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEirIUQ4__tBn8iuiGzcRlJEOroeUKkNCZ2mN2DM3rs_2pPUFGIs7a2EtYWIiOikqsFchk8w4XaHx_XyS1g_-i8Kmu46zrppNaF1Xeh-omtKQqjq9tEzjhEobips8DmSvw\/s1600\/sverreholm20.jpg"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/la3za.blogspot.com\/2022\/11\/w8bh-clock-with-eu-option.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2554001380039969960.post-6839534171290475520","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2554001380039969960/posts/default/6839534171290475520","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-37390449"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"23 March, 2024 16:47"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2554001380039969960.post-3284270031428037326"},"published":{"$t":"2024-03-23T14:08:18.001+01:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-03-23T14:08:18.001+01:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"I am working on a GPS driven clock project, runnin..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"I am working on a GPS driven clock project, running on an Arduino uno board and on NANO ESP32 board. The memory of the UNO version is full there is no S_video support.\u003Cbr \/\u003EThe Nano version adds a serial output toward an  ESP32 WROOM to drive the TV output.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EThere are 2 ways to architect a program which read the NMEA GPRMC sentence from GPS satellite and use the 1PPS iterrupt to accuratly display time and date.\u003Cbr \/\u003EMy display is an LCD screen 20x4 and I am testing both implementation on a Arduino UNO and a NANO ESP32.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EOne approach as implemented by  Bruce E. Hall, W8BH receive the GPRMC sentence and wait for the 1PPS interrupt to add one second and update the display. The age of the frame is close to 1 seconde. Dispaly and other functions must terminate before the first character of the next frame is available to read in.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EAn alternate approach as implemented in « Horloge UTC Exacte Électro-Bidouilleur » by Bertrand. Here the end of the GPRMC sentence (CR  \u0026amp; NL, \\n) is detected and trigger the preparation of the display. At the 1PPS time the display is shooted. The age of the sentence is around 1 milliseconde.\u003Cbr \/\u003EPreparing the display and other functions can easly expand from \\n until next 1PPS. This waiting time can be measured.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EHere is the specific of my implementation :\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003Evoid loop()\u003Cbr \/\u003E{\u003Cbr \/\u003E  feedGPS();  \/\/ lecture une phrase\u003Cbr \/\u003E  interpret();\u003Cbr \/\u003E  if (mm\u0026gt;0) \/\/ eliminer les dates a zero\u003Cbr \/\u003E  {\u003Cbr \/\u003E    if ((affiche_flag) \u0026amp;\u0026amp; (init_flag))\u003Cbr \/\u003E      { \u003Cbr \/\u003E        affiche_flag = false;\u003Cbr \/\u003E        wait_time = micros()- start_time;\u003Cbr \/\u003E        affichage(); \/\/ display\u003Cbr \/\u003E      }\u003Cbr \/\u003E    if (go)\u003Cbr \/\u003E      { \u003Cbr \/\u003E        go = false;\u003Cbr \/\u003E        if (init_flag == false)\u003Cbr \/\u003E          { \u003Cbr \/\u003E            init_flag = true;  \u003Cbr \/\u003E            service() ; \/\/ can take time\u003Cbr \/\u003E            return;\u003Cbr \/\u003E          }\u003Cbr \/\u003E        start_time = micros();\u003Cbr \/\u003E        service() ;        plus_one();    \u003Cbr \/\u003E        start_time = micros();\u003Cbr \/\u003E      }\u003Cbr \/\u003E  }\u003Cbr \/\u003E}\u003Cbr \/\u003Evoid feedGPS() \u003Cbr \/\u003E{ \u003Cbr \/\u003E  if (sws.available()\u0026gt;0)     \/\/ if a character is ready to read...\u003Cbr \/\u003E  {                  \u003Cbr \/\u003E    char c = sws.read();    \/\/ get the character\u003Cbr \/\u003E    gps.encode(c); \u003Cbr \/\u003E    if (c == \u0026#39;$\u0026#39;)  \u003Cbr \/\u003E      {\u003Cbr \/\u003E        start_char = gps.charsProcessed()-1;\u003Cbr \/\u003E        start_time = micros();\u003Cbr \/\u003E      }                 \u003Cbr \/\u003E    if (c == \u0026#39;\\n\u0026#39;)\u003Cbr \/\u003E      {   go = true; \u003Cbr \/\u003E          read_time = micros() - start_time;\u003Cbr \/\u003E          char_in = gps.charsProcessed() - start_char;\u003Cbr \/\u003E      }                                    \u003Cbr \/\u003E  }\u003Cbr \/\u003E}\u003Cbr \/\u003EPerformance measurement example :\u003Cbr \/\u003EThe timing of events can be identified in the code above.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\t\tage 2 mS wait 872 mS read time 69mS char 68\u003Cbr \/\u003EWe can see that the processor is idle 87%, reading  a GPRMC sentence take 69 mS. If necessary we can a lot of code\/operations in the idle time of the processor."},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/2554001380039969960\/6839534171290475520\/comments\/default\/3284270031428037326"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/2554001380039969960\/6839534171290475520\/comments\/default\/3284270031428037326"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/la3za.blogspot.com\/2022\/11\/w8bh-clock-with-eu-option.html?showComment=1711199298001#c3284270031428037326","title":""}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Anonymous"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/blank.gif"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/la3za.blogspot.com\/2022\/11\/w8bh-clock-with-eu-option.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2554001380039969960.post-6839534171290475520","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2554001380039969960/posts/default/6839534171290475520","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-1272441610"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"23 March, 2024 14:08"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2554001380039969960.post-8208773474009177486"},"published":{"$t":"2024-02-26T22:05:33.988+01:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-02-26T22:05:33.988+01:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Please join the groups.io discussion group for the..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"Please join the groups.io discussion group for the Multi Face GPS Clock and related projects: https:\/\/groups.io\/g\/Multi-Face-GPS-Clock\/"},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/2554001380039969960\/3878957367696734972\/comments\/default\/8208773474009177486"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/2554001380039969960\/3878957367696734972\/comments\/default\/8208773474009177486"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/la3za.blogspot.com\/2022\/11\/planet-positions-for-multi-face-gps.html?showComment=1708981533988#c8208773474009177486","title":""},{"rel":"related","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/2554001380039969960\/3878957367696734972\/comments\/default\/5473163253563303938"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Sverre Holm"},"uri":{"$t":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/08306221557326542499"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"26","height":"32","src":"\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEirIUQ4__tBn8iuiGzcRlJEOroeUKkNCZ2mN2DM3rs_2pPUFGIs7a2EtYWIiOikqsFchk8w4XaHx_XyS1g_-i8Kmu46zrppNaF1Xeh-omtKQqjq9tEzjhEobips8DmSvw\/s1600\/sverreholm20.jpg"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/la3za.blogspot.com\/2022\/11\/planet-positions-for-multi-face-gps.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2554001380039969960.post-3878957367696734972","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2554001380039969960/posts/default/3878957367696734972","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-37390449"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"26 February, 2024 22:05"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2554001380039969960.post-3541530375076267050"},"published":{"$t":"2024-02-26T01:46:05.303+01:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-02-26T01:46:05.303+01:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"I have often thought about this.  Positive feedbac..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"I have often thought about this.  Positive feedback using about a 100 mH inductor and a.5 uF cap could offer promise.  By moving volume control to the headphone output it could make it easier.  This would be about 700 Hz and could be used during receive to make a very simple 700 Hz filter."},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/2554001380039969960\/5306735227445370520\/comments\/default\/3541530375076267050"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/2554001380039969960\/5306735227445370520\/comments\/default\/3541530375076267050"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/la3za.blogspot.com\/2015\/08\/the-lm386-pixie-challenge.html?showComment=1708908365303#c3541530375076267050","title":""}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Anonymous"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/blank.gif"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/la3za.blogspot.com\/2015\/08\/the-lm386-pixie-challenge.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2554001380039969960.post-5306735227445370520","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2554001380039969960/posts/default/5306735227445370520","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-1272441610"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"26 February, 2024 01:46"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2554001380039969960.post-3013535837410251822"},"published":{"$t":"2024-02-21T21:37:48.452+01:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-02-21T21:37:48.452+01:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Thanks again, Richard. I looked up Meeus p. 286 an..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"Thanks again, Richard. I looked up Meeus p. 286 and found some smaller corrections for Mars and Jupiter aqlso. All the corrections are now in my experimental version, and will be in the next release, along with improved code for estimating sunrise\/set times which agrees with timeanddate.com within a minute. See libraries at end of https:\/\/github.com\/la3za\/Multi-Face-GPS-Clock\/wiki"},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/2554001380039969960\/3878957367696734972\/comments\/default\/3013535837410251822"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/2554001380039969960\/3878957367696734972\/comments\/default\/3013535837410251822"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/la3za.blogspot.com\/2022\/11\/planet-positions-for-multi-face-gps.html?showComment=1708547868452#c3013535837410251822","title":""},{"rel":"related","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/2554001380039969960\/3878957367696734972\/comments\/default\/5473163253563303938"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Sverre Holm"},"uri":{"$t":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/08306221557326542499"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"26","height":"32","src":"\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEirIUQ4__tBn8iuiGzcRlJEOroeUKkNCZ2mN2DM3rs_2pPUFGIs7a2EtYWIiOikqsFchk8w4XaHx_XyS1g_-i8Kmu46zrppNaF1Xeh-omtKQqjq9tEzjhEobips8DmSvw\/s1600\/sverreholm20.jpg"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/la3za.blogspot.com\/2022\/11\/planet-positions-for-multi-face-gps.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2554001380039969960.post-3878957367696734972","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2554001380039969960/posts/default/3878957367696734972","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-37390449"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"21 February, 2024 21:37"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2554001380039969960.post-7363592839517671085"},"published":{"$t":"2024-02-21T21:19:29.595+01:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-02-21T21:19:29.595+01:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Yes, I believe it is correct. The inverter in the ..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"Yes, I believe it is correct. The inverter in the lower left corner is the input buffer which drives the 5 other inverters in parallel."},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/2554001380039969960\/189162809019318546\/comments\/default\/7363592839517671085"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/2554001380039969960\/189162809019318546\/comments\/default\/7363592839517671085"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/la3za.blogspot.com\/2015\/10\/just-good-enough-10-mhz-reference.html?showComment=1708546769595#c7363592839517671085","title":""},{"rel":"related","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/2554001380039969960\/189162809019318546\/comments\/default\/525006757025665707"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Sverre Holm"},"uri":{"$t":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/08306221557326542499"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"26","height":"32","src":"\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEirIUQ4__tBn8iuiGzcRlJEOroeUKkNCZ2mN2DM3rs_2pPUFGIs7a2EtYWIiOikqsFchk8w4XaHx_XyS1g_-i8Kmu46zrppNaF1Xeh-omtKQqjq9tEzjhEobips8DmSvw\/s1600\/sverreholm20.jpg"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/la3za.blogspot.com\/2015\/10\/just-good-enough-10-mhz-reference.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2554001380039969960.post-189162809019318546","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2554001380039969960/posts/default/189162809019318546","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-37390449"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"21 February, 2024 21:19"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2554001380039969960.post-8296347921218684971"},"published":{"$t":"2024-02-21T20:05:03.756+01:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-02-21T20:05:03.756+01:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Hi Sverre\n\nIn a similar fashion to Mercury, the Ar..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"Hi Sverre\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EIn a similar fashion to Mercury, the Arduino calculated magnitude could be quite far out compared to the heavens-above.com website. For example, on 21 March 2025 the heavens-above.com website reports Venus\u0026#39;s magnitude as -4.0, whilst the Arduino calculated value is -5.6.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EAgain, the fix for this is to change line 287 in clock_z_planets.h from \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E  if (object_number == 1) magnitude = -4.34 + 5 * log10(r * R) + 0.013 * phase_angle; \/\/Venus\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003Eto\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E  if (object_number == 1) magnitude = -4.40 + 5 * log10(r * R) + 0.0009 * phase_angle + 0.000239 * phase_angle * phase_angle - 0.00000065 * phase_angle * phase_angle * phase_angle; \/\/Venus\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ENow the Arduino calculated value and the heavens-above.com value agree to within 0.1 magnitude for all magnitudes.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EAgain, this formula comes from the publication \u0026#39;Astronomical Algorithms\u0026#39; (Second Edition), Chapter 41, Page 286.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ERichard"},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/2554001380039969960\/3878957367696734972\/comments\/default\/8296347921218684971"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/2554001380039969960\/3878957367696734972\/comments\/default\/8296347921218684971"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/la3za.blogspot.com\/2022\/11\/planet-positions-for-multi-face-gps.html?showComment=1708542303756#c8296347921218684971","title":""},{"rel":"related","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/2554001380039969960\/3878957367696734972\/comments\/default\/5473163253563303938"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Anonymous"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/blank.gif"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/la3za.blogspot.com\/2022\/11\/planet-positions-for-multi-face-gps.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2554001380039969960.post-3878957367696734972","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2554001380039969960/posts/default/3878957367696734972","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-1272441610"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"21 February, 2024 20:05"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2554001380039969960.post-525006757025665707"},"published":{"$t":"2024-02-21T13:57:46.491+01:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-02-21T13:57:46.491+01:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Is the attached diagram using the 74HCT04 system d..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"Is the attached diagram using the 74HCT04 system drawn correctly and does it contain no errors?"},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/2554001380039969960\/189162809019318546\/comments\/default\/525006757025665707"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/2554001380039969960\/189162809019318546\/comments\/default\/525006757025665707"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/la3za.blogspot.com\/2015\/10\/just-good-enough-10-mhz-reference.html?showComment=1708520266491#c525006757025665707","title":""}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Anonymous"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/blank.gif"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/la3za.blogspot.com\/2015\/10\/just-good-enough-10-mhz-reference.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2554001380039969960.post-189162809019318546","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2554001380039969960/posts/default/189162809019318546","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-1272441610"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"21 February, 2024 13:57"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2554001380039969960.post-6136872838423570429"},"published":{"$t":"2024-02-17T13:23:09.465+01:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-02-17T13:23:09.465+01:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Thanks a lot Richard, much appreciated. I\u0026#39;ll i..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"Thanks a lot Richard, much appreciated. I\u0026#39;ll implement this shortly"},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/2554001380039969960\/3878957367696734972\/comments\/default\/6136872838423570429"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/2554001380039969960\/3878957367696734972\/comments\/default\/6136872838423570429"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/la3za.blogspot.com\/2022\/11\/planet-positions-for-multi-face-gps.html?showComment=1708172589465#c6136872838423570429","title":""},{"rel":"related","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/2554001380039969960\/3878957367696734972\/comments\/default\/5473163253563303938"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Sverre Holm"},"uri":{"$t":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/08306221557326542499"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"26","height":"32","src":"\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEirIUQ4__tBn8iuiGzcRlJEOroeUKkNCZ2mN2DM3rs_2pPUFGIs7a2EtYWIiOikqsFchk8w4XaHx_XyS1g_-i8Kmu46zrppNaF1Xeh-omtKQqjq9tEzjhEobips8DmSvw\/s1600\/sverreholm20.jpg"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/la3za.blogspot.com\/2022\/11\/planet-positions-for-multi-face-gps.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2554001380039969960.post-3878957367696734972","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2554001380039969960/posts/default/3878957367696734972","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-37390449"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"17 February, 2024 13:23"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2554001380039969960.post-5473163253563303938"},"published":{"$t":"2024-02-17T13:11:50.302+01:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-02-17T13:11:50.302+01:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Hi Sverre\n\nFirstly, an excellant project, thank yo..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"Hi Sverre\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EFirstly, an excellant project, thank you for posting it.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EI too noticed that the Arduino calculated magnitude of Mercury is not the same as that calculated on the heavens-above.com website. The\u003Cbr \/\u003Ediscrepancy is largest when Mercury is at its dimmest. For example, the heavens-above.com website on 16 april 2024\u003Cbr \/\u003Ereports Mercury\u0026#39;s magnitude as +4.0, whilst the Arduino code reports it as +1.0. The fix for this is to change line 286\u003Cbr \/\u003Ein clock_z_planets.h from\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E  if (object_number == 0) magnitude = -0.36 + 5 * log10(r * R) + 0.027 * phase_angle; \/\/Mercury\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003Eto\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E  if (object_number == 0) magnitude = -0.42 + 5 * log10(r * R) + 0.038 * phase_angle - 0.000273 * phase_angle * phase_angle + 0.000002 * phase_angle * phase_angle * phase_angle; \/\/Mercury\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ENow the Arduino calculated value will agree with (the correct) heavens-above.com value to within 0.1 magnitude for all brightnesses.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E(The author of the original clock_z_planets.h had neglected the very important last 2 terms in the above equation).\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EMercury really does get very very dim at certain times of the year.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EI found this formula from the publication \u0026#39;Astronimical Algorithms\u0026#39; (Second Edition), Chapter 41, Page 286. There are copies of this book floating around on the web.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ERichard"},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/2554001380039969960\/3878957367696734972\/comments\/default\/5473163253563303938"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/2554001380039969960\/3878957367696734972\/comments\/default\/5473163253563303938"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/la3za.blogspot.com\/2022\/11\/planet-positions-for-multi-face-gps.html?showComment=1708171910302#c5473163253563303938","title":""}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Anonymous"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/blank.gif"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/la3za.blogspot.com\/2022\/11\/planet-positions-for-multi-face-gps.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2554001380039969960.post-3878957367696734972","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2554001380039969960/posts/default/3878957367696734972","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-1272441610"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"17 February, 2024 13:11"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2554001380039969960.post-8939277991178760654"},"published":{"$t":"2024-01-22T20:28:30.732+01:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-01-22T20:28:30.732+01:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"I have sfe7.02mu 7.02 resonators weak_signals@yaho..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"I have sfe7.02mu 7.02 resonators weak_signals@yahoo.ca\u003Cbr \/\u003ESwing 7.00-7.04 ish\u003Cbr \/\u003EThese are rare CRs"},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/2554001380039969960\/1582124254428721323\/comments\/default\/8939277991178760654"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/2554001380039969960\/1582124254428721323\/comments\/default\/8939277991178760654"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/la3za.blogspot.com\/2011\/05\/pixie2-ultralow-minimalist-transceiver.html?showComment=1705951710732#c8939277991178760654","title":""},{"rel":"related","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/2554001380039969960\/1582124254428721323\/comments\/default\/7805076228625231971"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Anonymous"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/blank.gif"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/la3za.blogspot.com\/2011\/05\/pixie2-ultralow-minimalist-transceiver.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2554001380039969960.post-1582124254428721323","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2554001380039969960/posts/default/1582124254428721323","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-1272441610"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"22 January, 2024 20:28"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2554001380039969960.post-256442433629989687"},"published":{"$t":"2024-01-16T05:56:31.793+01:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-01-16T05:56:31.793+01:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"The first list consists of modifications that are ..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"The first list consists of modifications that are meant to adapt the K2 ?\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/telkomuniversity.ac.id\/direktori\/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ETelkom University\u003C\/a\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/2554001380039969960\/6442279422585508340\/comments\/default\/256442433629989687"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/2554001380039969960\/6442279422585508340\/comments\/default\/256442433629989687"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/la3za.blogspot.com\/p\/la3za-unofficial-guide-to-elecraft-k2.html","title":""}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Perhotelan"},"uri":{"$t":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/07724447705930447299"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"26","height":"32","src":"\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEikQ15XYDuiwUX15dO37TaIMKyP83iuEmD4Fpiq0eXzKHyrnD8VOgAFX7KHnV1dhrH5E6MSx17y8oYI31XhEJmqDiyFFXJDGExddKr7nr7u3rmx2STY1z0UzGo6yumstpAD4tF9xWa3hNmVjL2svHI5u-HLvjuTMhE4C10Z9NiseDLYtg\/s220\/7b9b9ee6-2c4d-4b10-918e-16031eba23b3.jpg"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/la3za.blogspot.com\/p\/la3za-unofficial-guide-to-elecraft-k2.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2554001380039969960.post-6442279422585508340","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2554001380039969960/posts/default/6442279422585508340","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-761468576"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"16 January, 2024 05:56"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2554001380039969960.post-8911150289566634170"},"published":{"$t":"2024-01-12T08:40:37.636+01:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2024-01-12T08:40:37.636+01:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Thanks for this information, very useful."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"Thanks for this information, very useful."},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/2554001380039969960\/6442279422585508340\/comments\/default\/8911150289566634170"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/2554001380039969960\/6442279422585508340\/comments\/default\/8911150289566634170"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/la3za.blogspot.com\/p\/la3za-unofficial-guide-to-elecraft-k2.html","title":""}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"JustHuman"},"uri":{"$t":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/00115403699923866048"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/la3za.blogspot.com\/p\/la3za-unofficial-guide-to-elecraft-k2.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2554001380039969960.post-6442279422585508340","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2554001380039969960/posts/default/6442279422585508340","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-506795977"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"12 January, 2024 08:40"}]},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2554001380039969960.post-5083347236872345452"},"published":{"$t":"2023-11-24T07:31:32.059+01:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2023-11-24T07:31:32.059+01:00"},"title":{"type":"text","$t":"​​​Hello\nThis is Liam from PCBWay.\nDeeply impresse..."},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"​​​Hello\u003Cbr \/\u003EThis is Liam from PCBWay.\u003Cbr \/\u003EDeeply impressed by your blog content which means a lot to electronic enthusiasts.\u003Cbr \/\u003EI’d like to sponsor your project by providing free PCB prototyping,\u003Cbr \/\u003Eonly hoping for a slight promotion or a review about quality or service in return.\u003Cbr \/\u003EWould you be interested in partnering up? Contact me: liam@pcbway.com\u003Cbr \/\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/2554001380039969960\/1866409565539276684\/comments\/default\/5083347236872345452"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/2554001380039969960\/1866409565539276684\/comments\/default\/5083347236872345452"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https:\/\/la3za.blogspot.com\/2023\/08\/multi-face-gps-clock-setup.html?showComment=1700807492059#c5083347236872345452","title":""}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"liam"},"uri":{"$t":"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/03631823116077374327"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"thr$in-reply-to":{"xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","href":"https:\/\/la3za.blogspot.com\/2023\/08\/multi-face-gps-clock-setup.html","ref":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2554001380039969960.post-1866409565539276684","source":"http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2554001380039969960/posts/default/1866409565539276684","type":"text/html"},"gd$extendedProperty":[{"name":"blogger.itemClass","value":"pid-1491165585"},{"name":"blogger.displayTime","value":"24 November, 2023 07:31"}]}]}});